- Microsatellite Instability and the Expression of Tumor-associated Genes in Multiple Cancer.
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Kyung Soo Kim, Chan Choi, Chang Soo Park, Sang Woo Juhng
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(7):617-627.
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- Genetic changes associated with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are frequently observed in human cancers.
These changes may be more frequent in multiple primary cancers than sporadic cancers. These experiments were designed in order to know the genetic changes using microsatellite PCR technique and the expression of tumor-associated genes by immunohistochemistry for c-myc and p53 in 17 cases of multiple primary carcinomas. The niicrosatellite instability (MSI) were found in 8 of 17 cases (47.1 %); six cases showed MSI in more than two microsatellite loci and two cases revealed MSI in one locus.
MSI was found in 2 out of 7.patients (28.6%) of multiple primary carcinomas arising from the unrelated organs, and 6 out of 10 patients (60.0%) arising from the same or related organs. When each case of multiple primary carcinomas was examined, immunohistochemistry for c-myc was positive in 25 cases (71.4%) and p53 was positive in 21 cases (60.0%) out of 35 cases. But there was no correlation between MSI and expression of tumor-associated genes. From the above the results, MSI is more important in carcinogenesis of multiple primary carcinomas arising from the same or related organs than those from unrelated organs.
- Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of Gastric Smooth Muscle Tumor.
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Hyang Mi Ko, Kyung Soo Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Woo Sik Juhng, Sang Woo Juhng
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(3):245-254.
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- To evaluate the differentiation status of smooth muscle in gastric stromal tumors which were negative for S-100 protein, immunohistochemistry using desmin, actin, myosin and vimentin was performed in 14 cases of gastric smooth muscle tumors. Ultrastructural Examination was also performed. For comparison a case of leiomyoma of the esophagus, a case of the sigmoid colon, 10 cases of the uterus were also examined. The results obtained were as follows. All gastric smooth muscle tumors showed vimentin-positivity. Six of 14 gastric smooth muscle tumors, (5 of 8 leiomyoma and 1 of 4 leiomyosarcoma) showed positivity for desmin, actin, and myosin(42.9%). All esophageal, colonic, and uterine leiomyomas showed diffuse positive reaction for desmin, actin, and myosin. Vimentin positivity was also noted in leiomyoma of the colon and uterus. Ultrastructurally, a few cells in the gastric stromal tumors had scattered microfilaments with dense bodies, subplasmalemmal dense plaques, and micropinocytic vesicles. However, most of the tumor cells did not have any of the ultrastructural features of smooth muscle differentiation. Leiomyomas of the esophagus and uterus showed many cytoplasmic microfilaments with dense bodies.
These results suggest that most of the benign and malignant tumor cells of gastric stromal tumors have features of the undifferentiated cells, immunohistochemically as well as ultrastructurally, although a few cells have. It is speculated that most gastric stromal tumors may have lost their smooth muscle differentiation.
- Application of Gene Rearrangement Analysis for Diagnosis of Malignant Lymphoma.
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Kyung Soo Kim, Chan Choi
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(4):415-422.
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- To evaluate the utility of gene rearrangement analysis, eight cases of malignant lymphoma, one case of Hodgkin's disease, two cases of angioiminunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) and two cases of non-specific lymphadenitis were studied by immunohistochemical and genetic analysis.
Southern blot analysis was perfon-ned by a using vacuum transfer system and a biotin labelled probe. This method was faster, safer, and more convenient than conventional methods. Gene rearrangement study showed rearranged novel bands in five of six cases of B cell lymphoma, in all cases of T cell lymphoma, and in all cases of AILD. No rearrangement of the B cell receptor(BCR) or of the T cell receptor(TCR) was seen in Hodgkin's disease or in nonspecific lymphadenitis. These results suggest that gene rearrangement analysis of BCR and TCR is a recommended method for the diagnosis of clonality in lymphoproliferative disorders. It would allow pathologists to differentiate lymphoma from polyclonal lymphoid proliferation and to provide information for cell lineage.
- Immunohistochemical Evaluation of HMB-45 and S-100 Protein in Melanocytic Tumors.
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Chang Soo Park, Hwan Kim, Hyang Mi Ko, Kyung Soo Kim, Ji Shin Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(2):189-196.
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- Immunohistochemical staining on paraffin sections for S-100 protein improved diagnostic accuracy for melanocytic tumor.
But specificity of S-100 protein in the diagnosis of melanocytic tumor is very low, because S-100 protein was also expressed in neurogenic tumor and salivary gland tumor.
To investigate a specific tumor marker for the malignant melanoma, immunohistochemical staining for HMB-45 and S-100 protein was performed on the paraffin sections of 25 cases of malignant melanoma and 46 cases of nevi. Positive reaction for HMB-45 and S-100 protein was diffusely identified in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Positive ratio for HMB-45 was 100% in malignant melanoma, 92% in junctional component of compound nevus and 0% in intradermal nevus.
Positive ratio for S-100 protein was 92% in malignant melanoma, 100% in compound nevus and 100% in intradermal nevus. The sensitivity and specificity for HMB-45 in malignant melanoma were 100%, but those for S-100 protein were 92% in sensitivity and 86.7% in specificity. These results indicate that HMB-45 has a high sensitivity and specificity for malignant melanoma cells and it can be quite useful for the histopathological diagnosis of malignant melanoma.
- A Study of the Correlation between Expression of c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein and Various Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Carcinoma.
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Jong Hee Nam, Kyung Soo Kim, Chang Soo Park, Sang Woo Juhng
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(2):136-144.
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- Immunohistochemical study for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was performed on paraffin sections of 76 primary breast carcinomas to determine the relationship between expression of c-erbB-2 and various clinicopathological prognostic indicators, including the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Positive reaction for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein revealed an intense red granular staining predominantly located at the tumor cell membrane, with some cells exhibiting a weak cytoplasmic staining as well. The epithelial cells of the normal lobule and duct showed a negative reaction. Positive reaction for EGFR revealed a granular staining in the cytoplasm and the cell membrane of the tumor cells. Some tumors showed a positive EGFR staining in the epithelial cells of normal duct and lobule. Twenty six of 76 cases (34.2%) of primary breast carcinomas revealed a positive reaction for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, and 28 cases (36.8%) were positive for EGFR. Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and EGFR was evident in 37.7% and 40.6% of 69 classic invasive ductal carcinomas, respectively. None of the other histological types showed a positive reaction.
Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was strongly associated with tumor size(p=0.0015), histologic grade(.p=0.0175), vascular invasion(p=0.0043), and lymph node metastasis(p=0.0024), but not with age at diagnosis(p=0.1836). No significant association was found between expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and EGFR.
Co-expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and EGFR was also strongly associated with tumor size (p=0.0029). These results suggest that c-erbB-2 oncoprotein is biologically distinct from EGFR, and may be used as a prognostic indicator of breast carcinoma due to its strong association with various clinicopathological prognostic factors.
- Cytomegalovirus Infection In a Patient with Hypersensitivity Angiitis due to H-S Purpura: A case report.
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Ji Shin Lee, Hyang Mi Ko, Kyung Soo Kim, Chang Soo Park, J Sang Woo uhng
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(1):119-121.
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- Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection in adults is observed as a part of a generalized or localized infection in patients who are immunocompromized. We report a case of CMV infection of the small intestine. The patient is a 34 year-old woman who has complained of palpable purpura in the lower extremities and buttocks, and arthralgia of large joints. The skin biopsy showed fibrinoid necrosis and neutrophils with leukocytoclasis, which findings are compatible with hypersensitivity angiitis. The patient received steroid and cyclophosphamide. During the follow-up period, generalized edema and bloody stool were detected.
Resected specimen of small bowel has multiple aphthous ulcer. Microscopically, cytomegalic cells are observed along the endothelial cells and mesenchymal cells. In situ hybridization using DNA probes against CMV revealed positive staining in the cytomegalic inclusions in vascular endothelial and mesenchymal cells.
- A Case of Orbital Meningioma Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy.
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Ji Shin Lee, Kyung Soo Kim, Min Cheol Lee, Chang Soo Park, Sang Woo Juhng
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(2):176-179.
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- Orbital meningioma is a rare neoplasm that, even when suspected by CT or echographic examination, requires careful histologic study for precise identification. Fine needle aspiration(FNA) biopsy has become the diagnostic technique of choice in recent years for investigating orbital masses.
There have been a few previous reports on FNA biopsy of orbital menigioma. We experienced a case of orbital meningioma in a 11-yr-old boy, diagnosed by FNA biopsy. The cytohistologic features of aspirated material(intranuclear inclusions. psammoma bodies, and cells arranged in whorls) made it easy to diagnose a meningioma.
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